Modern cars with fuel injection will also do this to a point. Older cars with carburetors automatically increase the fuel rate to match the increased airflow going into the cylinders. A turbocharged engine may also have reduced power, but the reduction will be less dramatic because the thinner air is easier for the turbocharger to pump. Normal engines will experience reduced power at high altitudes because for each stroke of the piston, the engine will get a smaller mass of air. This means that if the turbocharger is operating at a boost of 7 psi, the intercooled system will put in 7 psi of cooler air, which is denser and contains more air molecules than warmer air.Ī turbocharger also helps at high altitudes, where the air is less dense. The intercooler further increases the power of the engine by cooling the pressurized air coming out of the compressor before it goes into the engine. The intake air passes through sealed passageways inside the cooler, while cooler air from outside is blown across fins by the engine cooling fan. Again, this allows the turbine to spin up to speed faster, which reduces turbo lag.Īn intercooler or charge air cooler is an additional component that looks something like a radiator, except air passes through the inside as well as the outside of the intercooler. This helps the turbocharger accelerate more quickly, further reducing turbo lag.Ĭeramic turbine blades are lighter than the steel blades used in most turbochargers. They also allow a slightly smaller, lighter shaft to be used. They allow the turbine shaft to spin with less friction than the fluid bearings used in most turbochargers. But these are not your regular ball bearings - they are super-precise bearings made of advanced materials to handle the speeds and temperatures of the turbocharger. Some turbochargers use ball bearings instead of fluid bearings to support the turbine shaft. If the pressure gets too high, it could be an indicator that the turbine is spinning too quickly, so the wastegate bypasses some of the exhaust around the turbine blades, allowing the blades to slow down. The wastegate is a valve that allows the exhaust to bypass the turbine blades. Most automotive turbochargers have a wastegate, which allows the use of a smaller turbocharger to reduce lag while preventing it from spinning too quickly at high engine speeds. It is also in danger of spinning too quickly at higher engine speeds, when lots of exhaust is passing through the turbine. A small turbocharger will provide boost more quickly and at lower engine speeds, but may not be able to provide much boost at higher engine speeds when a really large volume of air is going into the engine. One sure way to reduce the inertia of the turbine and compressor is to make the turbocharger smaller. This allows the turbine and compressor to accelerate quickly, and start providing boost earlier. One way to decrease turbo lag is to reduce the inertia of the rotating parts, mainly by reducing their weight. This results in a feeling of lag when you step on the gas, and then the car lunges ahead when the turbo gets moving. It takes a second for the turbine to get up to speed before boost is produced. One of the main problems with turbochargers is that they do not provide an immediate power boost when you step on the gas. This can significantly improve the power-to-weight ratio for the engine (see How Horsepower Works for details). A turbocharged engine produces more power overall than the same engine without the charging. Therefore, you get more power from each explosion in each cylinder.
The advantage of compressing the air is that it lets the engine squeeze more air into a cylinder, and more air means that more fuel can be added.
They compress the air flowing into the engine (see How Car Engines Work for a description of airflow in a normal engine). Turbochargers are a type of forced induction system. We'll also learn how wastegates, ceramic turbine blades and ball bearings help turbochargers do their job even better. In this article, we'll learn how a turbocharger increases the power output of an engine while surviving extreme operating conditions. A turbo can significantly boost an engine's horsepower without significantly increasing its weight, which is the huge benefit that makes turbos so popular! Turbochargers also appear on large diesel engines. When people talk about race cars or high-performance sports cars, the topic of turbochargers usually comes up.
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